![]() ![]() Yet other proteins work as monitors, changing their shape and activity in response to metabolic signals or messages from outside the cell. Enzymes are another type of protein, and these molecules catalyze the biochemical reactions that occur in cells. For example, structural proteins maintain cell shape, akin to a skeleton, and they compose structural elements in connective tissues like cartilage and bone in vertebrates. Not surprisingly, protein functions are as diverse as protein structures. ![]() When proteins bind with other molecules, their conformation can change in subtle or dramatic ways. Fully folded proteins also have distinct surface characteristics that determine which other molecules they interact with. All of these differences arise from the unique amino acid sequences that make up proteins. Proteins can be big or small, mostly hydrophilic or mostly hydrophobic, exist alone or as part of a multi-unit structure, and change shape frequently or remain virtually immobile. ![]()
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